On November 16, 2024, California health officials confirmed the first U.S. case of a more severe mpox strain, known as clade I. The individual had recently traveled to eastern Africa, where an outbreak is ongoing, and was treated in San Mateo County. The patient is currently isolating at home with improving symptoms, and the risk to the public is considered very low. First case of Mpox.
Should Californians Be Concerned?
While the emergence of clade I mpox in the U.S. is notable, health authorities emphasize that the overall risk to the general population remains low. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has extensive experience managing mpox outbreaks and has implemented measures to monitor and contain potential cases.
Understanding Mpox: Symptoms and Transmission
According to the WHO. Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease characterised by:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Chills
- Exhaustion
- Rash: Progresses from flat lesions to raised bumps, then to fluid-filled blisters, and finally scabs over.
The rash often begins on the face and can spread to other parts of the body, including the genitals.
Transmission occurs through close contact with an infected person or animal, or with contaminated materials. The virus can spread via respiratory droplets, direct contact with bodily fluids, or lesion material.
What to Do If You Suspect Mpox Infection
If you develop symptoms consistent with mpox, especially after recent travel to areas with known outbreaks or contact with a confirmed case, take the following steps:
- Isolate: Stay at home and avoid close contact with others to prevent potential spread.
- Seek Medical Attention: Contact a healthcare provider for evaluation and testing.
- Inform Close Contacts: Notify individuals you have been in close contact with so they can monitor for symptoms.
Early detection and isolation are crucial in preventing further transmission.
Treatment and Prognosis
Most mpox cases are mild and resolve without specific treatment within two to four weeks. Supportive care, such as pain management and hydration, is typically sufficient. In severe cases, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, antiviral medications like tecovirimat may be considered.
Survival rates are high, especially with prompt medical care. However, certain populations, including children, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems, may be at higher risk for complications.
Preventive Measures
To reduce the risk of mpox infection:
- Vaccination: The JYNNEOS vaccine is FDA-approved for mpox prevention and is recommended for individuals at higher risk. CDC
- Hygiene Practices: Regular handwashing and avoiding contact with potentially infected animals or materials are essential. WHO
- Safe Practices: Engage in safe sexual practices and be cautious in environments where close contact occurs. WHO
Staying informed and adhering to public health guidelines are key to preventing mpox transmission.